Why Teens Run Away When There Is The Risk Of Becoming...

One in seven adolescents between the ages of ten and eighteen will run away at some point (â€Å"Running Away†). People need to pay more attention to the reasons why teens run away when there is the risk of becoming homeless. According to the National Runaway Safeline (NRS) there are between 1.7 and 2.8 million runaway and homeless youth that live on the street each year. It is important for people to know this because it estimates the number of children and teens that runaway and possibly become homeless each year. Forty six percent of runaway and homeless youth reported being physically abused, thirty eight percent reported being emotionally abused , and seventeen percent reported being forced into unwanted sexual activity by a family or household member (Homeless and Runaway Youth). Physical, emotional and sexual abuse are common reasons why teens run away. Teens that are experiencing abuse, have issues with their parents, may develop a drug addiction and often become teena ge runaways. To begin, teens will run away because they have issues with their parents. â€Å"Forty seven percent of runaway / homeless youth indicated that conflict between them and their parent or guardian was a major problem† (NRS Statistics on Runaways). Teens run away because the conflict that they have with their parents is a serious problem. If a teen constantly argue and fight with their parents, it is likely they will run away because they may begin to feel it is not safe to be at home. Also the conflictShow MoreRelatedIs Homelessness The United States?1384 Words   |  6 Pagessomething that can be temporary or chronic. It is when an individual or family does not have and cannot afford a suitable place to live long term. Things like staying in a shelter, one room facilities (motel) or staying with a family member or friend does not mean you are not homeless. If you cannot afford suitable long term accommodations yourself, then you are considered homeless. When you are referring to youth homelessness they are considered homeless if they do not have parents to care for them orRead MoreA Conversation Between Mary, Moses, And Noah982 Words   |  4 Pagesto be making a point. By adding or deleting aspects of a story and/or conversation, therefore enticing questions or dialogues between people. Consequently, this seemed to be the perfect instrument for my purpose. This remix is simply an imagination run wild, using the voices of actual characters of the Bible. The facts are authentic nonetheless; the words are this author’s only. After this writer receives a Master’s in Divinity, he or she would love to work with children and young adults fallenRead MoreAdolescent Changes1416 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent Years Adolescence is the of the most significant changes that occurs for a child when developed from a child into a adult. This can carry them through many changes physically, emotionally, socially. During puberty boys and girl change in size, developing breast, growing pubic hair, changes in body odor, and acne. The adolescence stage usually starts occurring in between the ages of 10 and 19 in which boys and girls hypothalamus and pituitary glandsRead MoreHomelessness : A Social Issue2081 Words   |  9 Pageschose this because it is a very serious issue not only here in Australia but all over the world. In Australia there are is about 105,000 Australians that are homeless on any given night, all of which are either living in a makeshift home or sleeping on the streets. In my essay I am going to look at whom homelessness affects the reasons why, and what is being done to help and raise awareness 1.0 What is homelessness? 1.1 Homelessness the social issue: Homelessness is a serious social issue thatRead MoreProstitution Is Morally Wrong And Should Be Eradicated From Society1673 Words   |  7 Pagess descriptions of prostitution. The women explain to us how it feels to be treated like a rented organ. It is internally damaging. You become in your own mind what these people do and say with you. â€Å"You wonder how could you let yourself do this and why do these people want to do this to you.† Mothers who sell sex for a living face a whole different style of life-work balance. From dealing with judgmental teachers to faking orgasms before the kids get home from school, it is one of the difficultiesRead MoreThe Problem Of Teenage Pregnancy Essay2119 Words   |  9 Pagesresponsibilities you will have before you reach adulthood. Sadly, some teens do not get to live this luxury. Many girls in this generation become mothers while they are still considered children. There are approximately 1.3 million homeless teens living in the United States right now. Out of the 1.3 million, 6-22% are pregnant girls (Finzel, 2016). If you do the math, that is nearly 78,000-286,000 pregnant girls who are homeless right now. I chose to write about this topic because I have witnessedRead MoreResearch Essay on Being Pro Abortion1038 Words   |  5 Pagesare having kids, and victims of sexual assault are having kids. And in most cases, the child ends up living a life that isn’t too well . This leads to children being neglected, abused, homeless, hungry and more importantly unloved. Imagine a woman not being allowed to have an abortion. Abortions eliminate the risks of all of those tragedies happening. The problem shouldn’t be killing an egg that isn’t fully yet involved into a baby. The problem should be having children but later neglecting or mistreatingRead MoreIntroduction. 33.7% Of People Who Are Homeless Will Stay1913 Words   |  8 Pagespeople who are homeless will stay homeless for more than a year. (Thurston, Roy, Clow, Este, Gordey, Haworth-Brockman, McCoy, 2013). This means that a large majority of vulnerable individuals living in poverty will stay living in a shelter or on the streets for more than a year until they can get back on their feet. Having a home can be taken for granted until the reality of seeing more individuals living under bridges and on the corner of communities becomes more visible. Becoming homeless can happenRead More Behind Women s Prostitution : Prostitution1561 Words   |  7 Pagestraffickers or pimps. For others, they depend on this exchange because of their serious drug addiction or desperate poverty. Facts on Prostitution Statistics have shown that a high percentage of 82% of all prostitutes have been raped. Homeless and runaway teens are most susceptible of being victims. Also, according to the website , â€Å"The dangers of prostitution are listed as contributory to the rampant proliferation of not only violence, abuse, exploitation, sexually transmitted disease, and unwantedRead MoreHomelessness Among The United States3202 Words   |  13 Pageshome. Today, homelessness among individuals is becoming more common and is unfortunately spreading all over the world. Most home owning people are unaware of the actuality of the conditions that the homeless people reside in and many cannot comprehend the troubles and hardships they face just to keep themselves alive. Most homeless people are known to reside in abandoned buildings, buses, cars, street corners and in many community parks. Most homeless people can barely afford to eat every day and

How to flunk college Free Essays

Procrastination is a perfect way to flunk out of college. We all have those friends who like to brag about great they are in college. Those people really bother me. We will write a custom essay sample on How to flunk college or any similar topic only for you Order Now And it is because I can never get anything done. It takes me a long time to accomplish the simplest tasks. I pride myself in being a grade A procrastinator. Because of a room being messy, daydreaming, and interacting with people through social media will help anyone perfect the art of wasting time and procrastination. I am not a very messy person, but I do not usually keep my room clean 100 percent of the time either. Many times I have opted to put away my clothes, clean out my binder, make my lunch for the next day, and take a shower after school before I get to my homework. Doing all these activities takes a while, and I usually end up doing all of them on nights when I have a lot of homework, or if I have a test the next day. Any type of cleaning or household chore would work though, such as scrubbing the shower, vacuuming, or dusting. Thus, lesson number one: placing all other activities in front of school work will kill your chances of work being completed. Another excellent way to waste time is to daydream. I can sit for an hour or more before I realize that I should be doing something else. I usually think about something that happened that day, and then imagine another positive ending. Or I will think about another football game, and think about what will happen when the game starts. Sometimes I look out the window and look at all the leaves, plants, or even the grass in my backyard. This is a great procrastination method when especially when all you can think about is something else. Lesson number two: pondering on other things will not get my work done. The best way to procrastinate is interacting with other people through social media. Everyone does it, and there is no denying that Facebook and Twitter have caused more than there fair share of failures. I am no exception. I will get on my phone all day knowing I have work to do, yet in the morning I will ask myself why. Here I am rite now, a casualty of social media, typing up this essay for you at the very last minute. Finally, lesson number three: social media is the prime way to ensure that I will flunk college. There is no denying a messy room, daydreaming, and social media can ruin a college career. If we continue to do these things, then it will almost ensue that we will not be coming back for another semester of education. How to cite How to flunk college, Papers

Knights 2 Essay Example For Students

Knights 2 Essay Knighthood began in the 9th century. As a request of the fall of Charlemagnes Empire in Western Europe a new way of life began. Little kingdoms replaced the old Empire that were held together by kings or lords. Because of continuous attacks by invading Moors and Vikings , the greatest need in these new settlements was for protection and security. Therefore , a new form of civil government arose. Which was called feudalism based on mutual agreement between the kings and lords , and their knights or servants. The kings or lord gave land to his knight in exchange for the knights loyalty , service , and military protection. Boys from wealthy families were expected to become a knight.At five or six they had pretend battles with wooden swords.They were also sent to churches to learn the ways of the church. Often the lord or Duke who was looking after the page became very close and did things together. The page had to learn to wait on the Duke or lord with very good manners. Their guardian often told stories or songs about famous knights. When the page reached teenhood , he became a squire. He helped with the horses , armor and learned how to fight. Squires also learned to joust and had to hold a lance which was three meters of heavy metal.Not all squires became knights. Some just stayed squires who were known has a gentleman who owned land. A rich squire could become a knight at sixteen , but if he was poor he had to wait until he was twenty. When the time came to become a knight , a squire would spend all night in a church praying. Afterwards , he took a bath that was very rare in those days and put on n ew clothes . When it was time , the lord or Duke who had trained the squire dubbed , ( hard on the shoulder with a sword. ) him a knight. After the ceremony there was much feasting and dancing. Young knights wanted to do tournaments. So they had mock battles in tournaments which soon became popular in the year 1100. It first originated in France . Soon other countries had their own tournaments and teams. The lords had messengers spread the news and gathered their knights together to join the other lords and friends. This mock battle took place on a large , flat countryside which lasted several days. There were two sides and few rules. If an opponent was captured he was not killed but accidents did happen. Opponents that were captured had to pay ransom, money, armor or give their best horse. In the late thirteenth century the games became more organized. They jousted and therefore the contest took more time. They had judges watching and give prize to the knight who won. The safety pr ecautions increased , for an example knights had to have horses apart so they wouldnt charge into each other. Weapons had dull points and as a result knights had fewer wounds. Still with all the safety precautions , it was a dangerous sport. People watched from the stands and ladies-in-waiting cheered on their favorite champion. The would throw a scarf from their dress for their champion and he would wear it on his helmet. After the tournament they would have a banquet in honor of the knights who won. People who lived in castles , villages , and farms got up early before dawn. When it became dark outside, to light all the rooms with wax candles was to expensive , therefore they went to bed early. Often they used tallow candles which were dipped rushes in animal fat. Tallow candles were very smoky and smelt bad. On winter evenings , minstrels and jugglers performed by the light of a fireplace. If there were any problems in the castle the lord of the manor attended to it. He also had to make sure that their was enough food and water. While the lord was away at war , the lady of the manor took charge over the castle. If their were attacked , the lady defended the castle and also looked after the sick and woundedWomen in the medieval times were expected to have many children. Often children died at a early age because of their diet and sanitary conditions. Each child had its own nurse and when they were older, sent to live with relatives. Girls had lady companions and learned how to embroider and some even learned how to read and write. Boys and girls played games ; like Blind mans Bluff and chess; and listened to songs and stories. Older boys and girls hunted. Hawking was a sport where the bird tries to kill another bird. The lords hunted almost every day and so they had fresh meat. If the meat went bad, the cooks pored salt and herbs on it and cooked it right away and served it to the lord and lady of the manor. During late spring and early fall , the lord let his animals run loose in the woods to feed on nuts and berries. So in the early spring the animals would be fat and ready to slaughter. After the slaughtered the animals , they preserved them in salt and put in a cool place so the meat didnt go bad. The church didnt allow meat to be eaten on Fridays , so instead people ate fish. People living in castles liked pets. Ladies liked small dogs called lapdogs and men kept the big , furry gray hounds. Some cats were kept to , but only to keep mice and other small rodents out of the castle. People believed that cats were linked with witches and was afraid that it would lay a curse on someone. Pet birds and squirrels were kept in cages and got loose very often. One time a girls squirrel got loose and tried to catch it , but she fell from the castle wall and died. .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 , .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 .postImageUrl , .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 , .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553:hover , .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553:visited , .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553:active { border:0!important; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553:active , .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553 .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucc0e283aeaae7251faf709fa82ddb553:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child abuse EssayIn the 9th and 10th century ,castles were built to protect, defend, and to control lands owned by Kings and lords.The castle was the lords private home and served as headquarters. The first castles built in France werent elaborate , but very simple , because of the frequent Viking attacks. When the Normans invaded the Saxons , they built simple castles to protect themselves from the Saxons they were ruling. They didnt fancy it up because their were lots of Viking attacks. The Normans invaded the Saxons. The Normans built simple castles to protect them from the Saxons they were ruling. There were many different kinds of castles. The Motte and Bailey built during the 10th and 12th centuries, was an earth mound with a wooden tower and courtyard. A ditch surrounded the castle with wooden fences and a rampart going across. Stone castles, introduced in the 11th and 12 th centuries, were strongly built but expensive. They housed the lord and his family. They rebuilt the motte and bailey castles with stone walls and towers. They were first square and then became round for better protection. The stone was built out of limestone and sand, and mixed it with water which became a mortar. The lord had a work force to build it for him. The castle was expensive to build and maintain. A castle in Italy was up-to-date. It had stone floors decorated with mosaics. Most castles had basic straw and rushes on the floors to keep out the cold. Knights of war behaved in a civil way toward women. This kind of behavior was a code , called chilvary. Poems of love and romantic stories based on the code of chilvary and knightly deeds became popular.These expressed how a warrior should behave. The church liked the idea of chilvary , because it supported their beliefs and values. Women liked to debate about the laws of love and the way knights proved their love for them by knightly deeds. Chilvary added romance to arranged marriages and slowly softened the hearts of warlike knights. A knight always had to keep his word and didnt try to escape from the enemy. A good knight was generous to the enemy and loyal to his lord and friends. He fought fairly and didnt cheat. This applied only to knights , as ordinary soldiers and people didnt have to practice the code of chivalry.end of the fifteenth century, warfare changed. They didnt need knights any more because they had foot soldiers. They were more important. Archers helped Henry the V to win a battle in 1415. New weapons were made to drive out the English from France. In Normandy, the French used cannons to do battle. The earlier cannons were not that successful. Specialist made heavy guns that used gunpowder. It couldnt destroy the castle walls , but could take down the gates. Cannons were very expensive. Only rich people could afford them. It was also expensive to hire foot soldiers. Earlier it used to be free. Kings got more money from merchants. Representatives from the town joined the knights of the shire. The nobles , lords, knights were still powerful, but no longer the only ones to fight.

Why did you choose medical field an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Why did you choose medical field? I want to continue pursuing a career in medical laboratory technology. There may be several reasons for this. However, I do feel that the most important thing of this profession is that you never not to stop learning. There is something new and interesting always to learn. You tend to gain from each and every case presented, and this finally adds to the experience and knowledge. Need essay sample on "Why did you choose medical field?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online? Essay writers recommend: Essay Helper Website Order Essay Online Cheap Cheap Reliable Essay Writing Service Custom Writing Service Medicine often utilizes the most advanced technology. Priority is given to provide latest technology to the medical field, as this profession is directly responsible for saving the lives of many. As a part of the medical field, I feel lucky that I would one of the first to access such technology and stay ahead of the other professions. The technology utilized is plain, simplified, and always user-friendly. Following the advancement of technology, there is always a creation of new posts. I have observed that in the medical field, professionals are always required, as there is an increase in the population and an enhancement in the lifespan of human beings. This offers the job security no other profession would be offering. There was a serious shortage of healthcare professionals in the 1950s and 1960s, following the baby boom. Again the population is beginning to rise, and by the year 2008, jobs in the US healthcare industry would increase by 26%. In the medical laboratory technology field, various positions can be easily taken up such as clinical positions, leadership positions, research positions and even teaching positions. There seem to be a lot of options for those taking up this field. As a part and parcel of the medical field, it would be an honor to work with a team of doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals. The medical profession is a noble profession, as it is directly responsible for saving the lives of people. This gives me a lot of honor, for the profession I am working in. The field of medical laboratory technology also permits for specialization in various specialties such as clinical chemistry, clinical microbiology, hematology, histology, transfusion, cytology, clinical genetics, immunology, electron microscopy, virology, parasitological, and cytometry. When working as a medical laboratory technologist, I am faced with a lot of challenges. However, with hard-work, these challenges can be overcome, and this would give me a lot of satisfaction in fulfilling my job and doing my duties. References: Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Science (2006). Becoming a Medical Laboratory Technologist.

capone1 essays

capone1 essays Alphonse Capone And His Rise To Power During the Capone era many mobsters were in power. As Al Capone grew, he began to associate with many different bosses and was in the neighborhood with many mob run gangs. After being involved and associated with these gangs, Capone then joined one, which just so happen to be run by Johnny Torrio, mobster to become leader of the underworld. There were many influences that helped Capone grow and gain until his rise to power as Chicagos most notorious mobster. One of the most common fictions is that like many gangsters of Capones era, he was born in Italy. This is untrue, he wasnt born in Italy but was born in New York(Bardsley 1). Alphonse Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1899, of an immigrant family (Al 2). Gabriele Capone, Al Capones father, was one of 43,000 Italians who arrived in the United States in 1894. He was a barber by trade and was one of the few who could read and write his native language. He was from the villa of Castellmare di Stalia, sixteen miles south of Naples (Bardsley 3). Capones mom, Teresina Capone, came to America with her two-year-old son Vincenzo and infant son Raffaele (historical 1). In May of 1906, Gabriele became an American citizen (Bender 26). Al Capone quit school after the sixth grade and associated with a notorious street gang. Becoming accepted as a member. Johnny Torrio was the street gang leader and among other members was the great Lucky Luciano (Al 1). As Capone grew, Torrio gave him more responsibility and Capone soon became apprenticed by him. On December 18, 1918, Capone married at the age of 19, to a 21 year old Irish girl names Mae Coughlin. A short time later Albert Francis Capone was born to the couple (Bardsley 8). At the same time this was going on, in New York Johnny Torrio moved all of his operations to Chicago. Torrios prospects in New...

Battle of Talas River - Background

Battle of Talas River - Background Few people today have even heard of the Battle of Talas River.  Yet this little-known skirmish between the army of Imperial Tang China and the Abbasid Arabs had important consequences, not just for China and Central Asia, but for the entire world. Eighth century Asia was an ever-shifting mosaic of different tribal and regional powers, fighting for trade rights, political power and/or religious hegemony. The era was characterized by a dizzying array of battles, alliances, double-crosses and betrayals. At the time, nobody could have known that one particular battle, which took place on the banks of the Talas River in present-day Kyrgyzstan, would halt the Arab and Chinese advances in Central Asia and fix the boundary between Buddhist/Confucianist Asia and Muslim Asia. None of the combatants could have predicted that this battle would be instrumental in transmitting a key invention from China to the western world: the art of paper-making, a technology that would alter world history forever. Background to the Battle For some time, the powerful Tang Empire (618-906) and its predecessors had been expanding Chinese influence in Central Asia. China used soft power for the most part, relying upon a series of trade agreements and nominal protectorates rather than military conquest to control Central Asia. The most troublesome foe faced by the Tang from 640 forward was the powerful Tibetan Empire, established by Songtsan Gampo. Control of what is now Xinjiang, Western China, and neighboring provinces went back and forth between China and Tibet throughout the seventh and eighth centuries. China also faced challenges from the Turkic Uighurs in the northwest, the Indo-European Turfans, and the Lao/Thai tribes on Chinas southern borders. The Rise of the Arabs While the Tang were occupied with all these adversaries, a new superpower rose in the Middle East. The Prophet Muhammad died in 632, and the Muslim faithful under the Umayyad Dynasty (661-750) soon brought vast areas under their sway. From Spain and Portugal in the west, across North Africa and the Middle East, and on to the oasis cities of Merv, Tashkent, and Samarkand in the east, the Arab conquest spread with astonishing speed. Chinas interests in Central Asia went back at least to 97 B.C., when the Han Dynasty general Ban Chao led an army of 70,000 as far as Merv (in what is now Turkmenistan), in pursuit of bandit tribes that preyed on early Silk Road caravans. China also had long courted trade relations with the Sassanid Empire in Persia, as well as their predecessors the Parthians. The Persians and Chinese had collaborated to quell rising Turkic powers, playing different tribal leaders off of one another. In addition, the Chinese had a long history of contacts with the Sogdian Empire, centered in modern-day Uzbekistan. Early Chinese/Arab Conflicts Inevitably, the lightning-quick expansion by the Arabs would clash with Chinas established interests in Central Asia. In 651, the Umayyads captured the Sassanian capital at Merv and executed the king, Yazdegerd III. From this base, they would go on to conquer Bukhara, the Ferghana Valley, and as far east as Kashgar (on the Chinese/Kyrgyz border today). News of Yazdegards fate was carried to the Chinese capital of Changan (Xian) by his son Firuz, who fled to China after the fall of Merv. Firuz later became a general of one of Chinas armies, and then governor of a region centered at modern-day Zaranj, Afghanistan. In 715, the first armed clash between the two powers occurred in the Ferghana Valley of Afghanistan. The Arabs and Tibetans deposed King Ikhshid and installed a man named Alutar in his place. Ikhshid asked China to intervene on his behalf, and the Tang sent an army of 10,000 to overthrow Alutar and reinstate Ikhshid. Two years later, an Arab/Tibetan army besieged two cities in the Aksu region of what is now Xinjiang, western China. The Chinese sent an army of Qarluq mercenaries, who defeated the Arabs and Tibetans and lifted the siege. In 750 the Umayyad Caliphate fell, overthrown by the more aggressive Abbasid Dynasty. The Abbasids From their first capital at Harran, Turkey, the Abbasid Caliphate set out to consolidate power over the sprawling Arab Empire built by the Umayyads. One area of concern was the eastern borderlands - the Ferghana Valley and beyond. The Arab forces in eastern Central Asia with their Tibetan and Uighur allies were led by the brilliant tactician, General Ziyad ibn Salih. Chinas western army was headed by Governor-General Kao Hsien-chih (Go Seong-ji), an ethnic-Korean commander. It was not unusual at that time for foreign or minority officers to command Chinese armies because the military was considered an undesirable career path for ethnic Chinese noblemen. Appropriately enough, the decisive clash at Talas River was precipitated by another dispute in Ferghana. In 750, the king of Ferghana had a border dispute with the ruler of neighboring Chach. He appealed to the Chinese, who sent General Kao to assist Ferghanas troops. Kao besieged Chach, offered the Chachan king safe passage out of his capital, then reneged and beheaded him. In a mirror-image parallel to what had happened during the Arab conquest of Merv in 651, the Chachan kings son escaped and reported the incident to Abbasid Arab governor Abu Muslim at Khorasan. Abu Muslim rallied his troops at Merv and marched to join Ziyad ibn Salihs army further east.  The Arabs were determined to teach General Kao a lesson... and incidentally, to assert Abbasid power in the region. The Battle of Talas River In July of 751, the armies of these two great empires met at Talas, near the modern-day Kyrgyz/Kazakh border. Chinese records state that the Tang army was 30,000 strong, while Arab accounts put the number of Chinese at 100,000. The total number of Arab, Tibetan and Uighur warriors is not recorded, but theirs was the larger of the two forces. For five days, the mighty armies clashed. When the Qarluq Turks came in on the Arab side several days into the fighting, the Tang armys doom was sealed. Chinese sources imply that the Qarluqs had been fighting for them, but treacherously switched sides midway through the battle. Arab records, on the other hand, indicate that the Qarluqs were already allied with the Abbasids prior to the conflict. The Arab account seems more likely since the Qarluqs suddenly mounted a surprise attack on the Tang formation from the rear. (If the Chinese accounts are correct, wouldnt the Qarluqs have been in the middle of the action, rather than riding up from behind? And would the surprise have been as complete, if the Qarluqs had been fighting there all along?) Some modern Chinese writings about the battle still exhibit a sense of outrage at this perceived betrayal by one of the Tang Empires minority peoples. Whatever the case, the Qarluq attack signaled the beginning of the end for Kao Hsien-chihs army. Of the tens of thousands the Tang sent into battle, only a small percentage survived. Kao Hsien-chih himself was one of the few who escaped the slaughter; he would live just five years more, before being put on trial and executed for corruption. In addition to the tens of thousands of Chinese killed, a number were captured and taken back to Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan) as prisoners of war. The Abbassids could have pressed their advantage, marching into China proper. However, their supply lines were already stretched to the breaking point, and sending such a huge force over the eastern Hindu Kush mountains and into the deserts of western China was beyond their capacity. Despite the crushing defeat of Kaos Tang forces, the Battle of Talas was a tactical draw. The Arabs eastward advance was halted, and the troubled Tang Empire turned its attention from Central Asia to rebellions on its northern and southern borders. Consequences of the Battle of Talas At the time of the Battle of Talas, its significance was not clear. Chinese accounts mention the battle as part of the beginning of the end for the Tang Dynasty. That same year, the Khitan tribe in Manchuria (northern China) defeated the imperial forces in that region, and Thai/Lao peoples in what is now Yunnan province in the south revolted as well. The An Shi Revolt of 755-763, which was more of a civil war than a simple revolt, further weakened the empire. By 763, the Tibetans were able to seize the Chinese capital at Changan (now Xian). With so much turmoil at home, the Chinese had neither the will nor the power to exert much influence past the Tarim Basin after 751. For the Arabs, too, this battle marked an unnoticed turning point. The victors are supposed to write history, but in this case, (despite the totality of their victory), they did not have much to say for some time after the event. Barry Hoberman points out that the ninth-century Muslim historian al-Tabari (839-923) never even mentions the Battle of Talas River. Its not until half a millennium after the skirmish that Arab historians take note of Talas, in the writings of Ibn al-Athir (1160-1233) and al-Dhahabi (1274-1348). Nevertheless, the Battle of Talas had important consequences. The weakened Chinese Empire was no longer in any position to interfere in Central Asia, so the influence of the Abbassid Arabs grew. Some scholars quibble that too much emphasis is placed on the role of Talas in the Islamification of Central Asia. It is certainly true that the Turkic and Persian tribes of Central Asia did not all immediately convert to Islam in August of 751. Such a feat of mass communication across the deserts, mountains, and steppes would have been utterly impossible before modern mass communications, even if the Central Asian peoples were uniformly receptive to Islam. Nonetheless, the absence of any counterweight to the Arab presence allowed Abbassid influence to spread gradually throughout the region. Within the next 250 years, most of the formerly Buddhist, Hindu, Zoroastrian, and Nestorian Christian tribes of Central Asia had become Muslim. Most significant of all, among the prisoners of war captured by the Abbassids after the Battle of Talas River, were a number of skilled Chinese artisans, including Tou Houan. Through them, first the Arab world and then the rest of Europe learned the art of paper-making. (At that time, the Arabs controlled Spain and Portugal, as well as North Africa, the Middle East, and large swaths of Central Asia.) Soon, paper-making factories sprang up in Samarkand, Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo, Delhi... and in 1120 the first European paper mill was established in Xativa, Spain (now called Valencia). From these Arab-dominated cities, the technology spread to Italy, Germany, and across Europe. The advent of paper technology, along with woodcut printing and later movable-type printing, fueled the advances in science, theology, and history of Europes High Middle Ages, which ended only with the coming of the Black Death in the 1340s. Sources: The Battle of Talas, Barry Hoberman. Saudi Aramco World, pp. 26-31 (Sept/Oct 1982). A Chinese Expedition across the Pamirs and Hindukush, A.D. 747, Aurel Stein. The Geographic Journal, 59:2, pp. 112-131 (Feb. 1922). Gernet, Jacque, J. R. Foster (trans.), Charles Hartman (trans.). A History of Chinese Civilization, (1996). Oresman, Matthew. Beyond the Battle of Talas: Chinas Re-emergence in Central Asia. Ch. 19 of In the tracks of Tamerlane: Central Asias path to the 21st Century, Daniel L. Burghart and Theresa Sabonis-Helf, eds. (2004). Titchett, Dennis C. (ed.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 3, Sui and Tang China, 589-906 AD, Part One, (1979).

Mid Term Research Paper Assignment and Rubric Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mid Term Assignment and Rubric - Research Paper Example The photographs were not taken by TMV neither did they have their photographers enter into her compound or peep into her windows without her consent to take them. The press outlet thus would not have violated any intrusion law by having her nude photos published. Second, the First amendment law enables the media or any press outlet to obtain information from any source by lawful means. Katy Perry as a source of information, however their differences with Swift, would be a lawful source, and it would be difficult to prove it otherwise in any court of law. The access to sources of information by the press, especially in view of the first amendment law, is considered by most courts as exclusive and without any jurisdiction. For instance, in a case pitting Bartnicki against Vopper, 200 F.3d 109 (3d Cir. 1999), a person who was unknown recorded a phone conversations between two union officials. He then made the tapes available to a union opponent who delivered them to a local media outlet. The two sued the media defendants for violating the state and federal wiretap laws. The court decreed that the first amendment rights of the defendant exempted him from being liable to the damages caused. Drawing conclusions from this case, it would be argued t hat TMV, which also has its first amendment rights, would not be liable to the damages caused to Swift by the publishing her nude photos. Another reason that would make it hard for swift to stop the publishing of the photos is the First amendment law regarding prior restraints. The First amendment law prohibits any form of prior restraint on the media outlets on all matters and just in some limited contexts. This is not restricted or determined by how the photos were obtained, Even if the photos were stolen or offered with malicious motives, the law would forbid any prior restraint to their publication. Although Katy at the time of offering the photos to TMV was in a feud with Swift, the court cannot give an injunction to

Assessments for the English Language Learner Research Paper - 1

Assessments for the English Language Learner - Research Paper Example This will facilitate his or her understanding and acceptance of other cultures. The teacher should be able to understand the students’ culture and assist them in learning and accepting other cultures (Brantley, 2007). This will make their learning environments be more conducive and acceptable. The students should be able to understand and accept the other students’ culture, as this will enable them to learn more from them. The students should be able to cooperate with one another in solving problems and learn from their interactions with their environments. The students should also have competence in their grammatical, sociolinguistic, discoursing and strategizing abilities (Lenski & Verbruggen, 2010). The types of initial assessments that I will use as a teacher to determine my students strengths and weaknesses will include assessment tests for testing their achievements, aptitude tests, affective and performance assessments along with cultural fair assessment tests (B rantley, 2007). The purpose of administering achievement tests will be to determine what each of the student has learnt to do. The aptitude tests will be vital in deriving the students’ ability of performing specific tasks that they have learnt in the future. On the other hand, affective tests will be used to determine a student’s motivation, values, beliefs and his notions concerning the learning process (Colombo & Colombo, 2011). Finally, the use of performance assessment tests will be important in assessing if students can relate what they have studied class to real life situations. Examples of performance assessments could be the act of performing recited plays and musical pieces to a set of adjudicators. In order for the teacher to meet his or her initial instructional needs, they will need to employ various types of instructional strategies. They will use approaches such as the direct experience, language experience, the use of multimedia lessons and cooperation in-group activities (Brantley, 2007). The teachers will also be required to employ several teaching strategies that range from reciprocal, choral, shared along with assisted reading methodologies (Colombo & Colombo, 2011). These types of teaching methods will greatly assist the teacher in ascertaining the strengths and weaknesses of his or her students. The application of different but applicable strategies will be vital for a teacher who wishes to see his students succeed. The teacher can apply the instructional strategies of using a dialogue journal, predictions, circles of literature and workshops to increase the aspects of constructive reading among his or her students (Brantley, 2007). For the purpose of augmenting the students ability to think while reading, the teacher will adopt strategies that range from, question and answer sessions, directing the reading and thinking activities. They will also offer guidance to students who are reading when they are at the instructions le vel. He or she should also adopt the strategies of thinking while listening and the activity of retelling oral instructions to the students (Lenski & Verbruggen, 2010). In order to shape my instructions, the types of ongoing assessments that I will adopt will include achievement, aptitude, performance and affective assessments. These tests will be vital in ensuring that the teacher monitors the understanding of various concepts he has taught on a

Essay Example for Free

Essay â€Å"Children need positive invitations to read, demonstrations, information, explanations that fit their understanding and texts that engage them if they are to learn what reading is all about† Meek in Carter, p. 146 Fables are short stories that have an abstract moral lesson, fables consist on talking animals which have human like qualities while others consist of only humans or both in a story. Fables impart moral values and life skills which are indeed valuable to young children. The Didatic value of two fables will and the way one would approach these texts in a classroom will be discussed in the following essay. Reading which is at the heart of any literature is key to the children’s development be it socially, academically or language development. Fables are a wonderful way of getting children to read as they offer enjoyment; it increases the child’s vocabulary and encourages use of the language. The child’s reading skills are developed and since most fables consist of talking animals and are not time bound it stimulates the children’s imaginations. We will look at two fables whereby one will realise that through the different characters and traits children have the advantage of comparing and understanding themselves or issues at hand. One will also see it expands children’s views of different places and cultures but most of all its scaffolds children to the realisation of moral values. Fables can be used to a teachers favour in a classroom environment. For example, children are playful by nature and there attention span is only that long to keep themselves stimulated you might find some learners disrupt the class by troubling other learners, playing tricks and acting the fool is common disturbances teachers face with youngsters. A fable that will suit children who play tricks on other learners will be â€Å"The boy who cried Wolf† By exposing children to different type of character, places and consciences they develop ‘innerresources’ stated by Bruno Bettelheim. Bettelheim discovered through observation of children at play, they would take on or associate with the main characters personality or traits. Placing into context ‘The Shepherd’s boy and the wolf’ with regards to the disruptive children in the classroom.One must first understand children nature. Children who are generally disruptive in a class are usually bored or simple does not want to take responsibility of the task given at hand. Young children usually don’t know how to express themselves. By reading fables such as the one mentioned above gives them a better platform to differentiate between right and wrong and what the result will be for bad behaviour. They receive the moral of the story subconsciously and respond on an emotional level. I would approach this text in a story telling lesson. Improvising a bit on the story to suit my situation saying that the shepherds boy was bored by looking after the sheep and wanted to play with other children but did not want to carry out the task of looking after the sheep thus neglecting his responsibility his father had trusted him with. As oral mode is   antastic way of relaying a fable. It’s almost magical when one starts a story with a long time ago†¦. Children instantaniously open to a world of fantasy and make belief†¦ After having told this story I will allow children to voice the feelings towards the shepherd’s boy and the angry villages. As them expressing   their feelings will increase their understanding of the underlying message. One must understandmoral lesson in fables are taken in subconsciously. The disruptive children will come to a realisation that him going on the way he does will only be to his demise†¦ the other children will start smarting up and not give him the upper hand and he would have to stop his bad behaviour. By experiencing the boy’s agony this will allow for the children to get in touch with their own feelings thus imparting a life skill and this ‘inner resource will come forth later in life, be it in their work environment or social life, that a liar will dig his own grave. I will not threaten them or point out to them that if you lie this is what will happen but through this fable they will subliminally receive the moral and the result will be in the change of their behaviour. Another fable we can look at his the Hare and the Tortoise Because children are still developing emotionally, psychologically, socially and their vocabulary of language, we must understand their need to feel that they are in a safe environment as the world of unknown is a frightening and overwhelming place for children. By having a clear depiction on good prevailing evil, being able to easily identify with hero and having the happy ending serves a source of security. More importantly the children see what acceptable behaviour is. In this case where the hare was over confident and showing arrogance that he could actually take a nap while waiting for the tortoise these characteristics caused him to ultimately loose the race and on the flip side of the coin, the tortoise who infect had almost no chance of winning was confident and smart despite all the odds which stood in his way. He displayed peserverance. These very personality traits caused him to win. Children will internalise these traits even though it is displayed by an animal children readily accept them as they believe and live in a world where anything is possible. They can easily associate that all livings things have human like qualities this is called ‘Animism’ This specific text I would approach by having a play but firstly have a storytelling lesson. The children would become familiar with the text and characters and then I would prepare them for a play. Personal interaction will make children recall better. I would involve them in preparing props and improvising a bit where other children would dress up like different animals of the forest and give them parts in which they will have a chance to act in the play by expressing their views on the race before it takes place. This will be stimulating exercise as children will experience first-hand the emotions of the characteristics allowing them to bank into their ‘inner resource’ after the play I would ask them to write down their feeling towards the story and what lesson did they learn to see how well they grasped the concept of the moral. Children learn well through fun and games so replaying fables such as these serve not only as good entertainment it also talks to emotions that children can relate to such as fear, love, success etc. and its relevant to children’s life as fables consist of a basic and easy to understand introduction, plot development, conflict, climax and a happy ending in most cases. There characters as seen in the above mentioned fables were clearly identifiable, the hero and the villain and their strengths and weakness were easy to relate to. The diction was suitable for the age of children who take interest in fables

The Sacrilege: Caesar A Political Mastermind :: essays research papers

The Sacrilege: Caesar A Political Mastermind Throughout the book "The Sacrilege," Caesar evolved from a political nothing, to a political mastermind. It is easy to see his progress through the eyes of a character by the name of Decius. He helps use to realize that Caesar wanted three main things in this scheme. He desired money, some military men, and finally a consulship. To get what he wanted, Caesar had to be smart, powerful, and a little sneaky. Decius changes his views on how he views Caesar through a series of events throughout the story. Decius gains respect for Caesar and so does every else who has seen Caesar in action. At first, Decius doesn't believe that Caesar will amount to much in his lifetime. He believes that Caesar would rather live a luxurious and relaxed life. Although Caesar didn't think so. Burra, who thought that Caesar would be brilliant if he enlisted and controlled a legion, was exactly correct. Caesar, as history as shown, is a brilliant leader. Caesar believed that by leading you must not just make a plan, you must carry it out with his own manpower. He was always on his horse leading his pack through the bloodshed, not like many other leaders. When Decius was talking to Milo towards the beginning of the story he says that Caesar is known for being "reckless." He recounts the story of the pirates that captured him. Also in that conversation, Decius puts down Caesar because he says that Caesar has no money and that even as Pontifex Maximus, he still doesn't have any money. So he thinks less of Caesar when Milo tells him about a huge loan from Crassus to Caesar because he couldn't pay off his debts. Decius starts to gain respect for Caesar when he makes the announcement, as Pontifex Maximus, to label the "heinous" crime a "sacrilege." Caesar walks so seriously and confidently people "lose their stony faces" when Caesar arrives. Although when Caesar makes the remark of "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion," Decius is the first person to burst out laughing. He loses some of the respect for Caesar that he will later notice. Then Decius comes to a point where is gains full respect for Caesar. When Clodius is chasing him down, and they end up fighting each other in hand to hand combat, Caesar breaks in. At that point Decius says that he realizes how Caesar is able the manipulate people and break up crowds like "the parting of the sea." Caesar holds a very powerful position, Pontifex Maximus, which means

Review of Related Literatures and Studies Essay

The proponents reviewed several related studies and literature. This was done to clarify different ideas from other studies and literature. Relevant ideas of some students who developed some software were also reviewed. Related Literature The proponents understand that the program to be made without intellectual development could crash and might not be attracted to the uses and beneficiaries. The communication between the target user and the programmer should be clear, and sharp. According to George Gerard G. Mendoza (2005), two reasons why people use computers regardless of their profession. First, they are fast. Second, they are accurate. To improve the current grading system, manual and duplicative tasks need to be computerized. Computerization of tasks will also pave the way for the unification of the grading system with the enrollment system and student information system. Josefina Estolas in the book Fundamentals of Research (1995). A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of data. That is the system hides certain details of how the data are stored and maintained as stated by Abraham Silberschatz, Database System Concepts (1999). A database is an organized collection of facts and information. An organizations database can contain facts and information on customers, employees, inventory, competitors, sales information and much more. Most Managers and executive believe a database is one of the most valuable and important parts of a computer-based Related Literature Foreign Study According to Ms. Barbara Riggs and Mr. Jacob I. Lee (1994) of the University of Maryland as they perceived from their study as regards with the old grading system of their university and the problems encountered. It is a daunting task to process 130,000 grades in a timely — let alone painless — manner every semester. Add to this the collection of Early Warning grades and there is a tremendous amount of work for both†©our administrative staff and the faculty. Therefore, it was no surprise when several faculties voiced concern over the traditional time-consuming grade collection process. Our established method of grade collection was similar to other universities during the mid 80’s. Scannable grade sheets were produced for each course section and distributed to the faculty. Over 8,000 grade sheets were created every semester and then hand carried to academic departments by R & R support staff. The departments were then responsible for delivering grade sheets to the appropriate instructor. After all this routing, it was not unusual for a faculty member to request a new grade sheet because the original had been lost or damaged. Once the grade sheet made it to the faculty member’s hands, they were required to write the grade and then fill in the corresponding bubble with a #2 pencil on the scanning form. If mistakes were made the faculty member had to be sure to erase the incorrect mark completely. Erasures often led to scanner misreads and recording of incorrect grades. Faculty were also required to return all grade sheets to the Records & Registrations office within 48 hours of their final exam. Grade sheets were not permitted to be returned by mail because they could not be folded, but, more importantly, because mailing created security issues. Obviously, the scale of organization and centralization of grade sheet distribution and collection was enormous. Because of security concerns, controls had to be foolproof. Grade correction was very tedious and time-consuming. So, as technological capabilities and services were successfully developed for students, both faculty and administrators saw the potential to automate the existing grade collection process.

Turkey and the Eu

Representatives of the neo-liberal institutionalism see the ELI, therefore, as a strong indication that intergovernmental institutions can not only serve for security concerns of individual countries to maximize their relative profit. They can also develop a power structure independent of their members. A possible accession of Turkey to the ELI was always matter In Europe since the establishment of the SEC In the year 1957. No other candidate for an admission has ever caused so many controversial discussions.Despite the fact that every state agrees the process of the access negotiations there is still excellent a gig dispute whether if the Turkish admission politically is desirable or not. Negotiations were started on October 3rd 2005, and the process, should it be in Turkey's favor, is likely to take at least a decade to complete. The membership bid has become a major controversy of the ongoing enlargement of the European Union. This statement describes the line I want to follow and the topics on which I have done my research for this paper very well:† The pros and cons of Turkey EX. membership could span many pages.Against: Turkey is culturally very different; its ere capita GNP is a quarter the ELI average and Turkey could easily swallow up all the EX. development funds; EH legislation would cause very much internal resentment – as many could see It as conflicting with their religious laws; the country still has human rights Issues and hasn't recognized the genocide where over a million Armenian died. For: if Turkey could join the EH and all the issues above are resolved we would have a fantastically dynamic economy in Europe that may be able to help us balance off against the upcoming industrial super powers of China and India.Turkey would become more wealthy, secular, tolerant and open. The outcome is in the toss of a coin. † 1 The economic performance is one of the most important access criterion for Turkey even as the Copenhagen criter ia must not be fulfilled in total. In fact Turkey has as many inhabitants as Germany but has only one sixth of the German economic power The strongest argument is always, that an admission could open new markets In the east.From this point of view there are existing a couple of numbers that point out clearly, that a Turkish EH admission may not be affordable for the European Union: * Only the yearly agricultural subventions, which should generate same wealth in total cost of 16 to 28 billion Euros, which is approximately 15% of the EH- budget These amounts may not be financed, with regards to the bad financial situation of the other member states. As a consequence of this many of the existing areas already supported, would lose their benefits, which would lead to an unacceptable situation.Of course one must add, that these numbers are pure speculation and nobody can predict the exact numbers. Moreover after an accession of Turkey the EX. would gain lots of unpleasant neighbors, the central conflict regions of our planet full of unbelievable, unpredictable potentials of extremists. Thousands of miles of borders should be guarded to hold all the people that want to come from Asia, the Arabian peninsula, or maybe from Africa over Turkey to Europe. It is probably needless to say that this action also causes high costs.In addition Turkey as the biggest country in the European Union would have the same rank within the European institutions as Germany, Great Britain and France. That is to say the poorest country plays a dominant political role. On the other hand Turkey has 72 million inhabitants (it would be the most populated country of the EX. in 15 years), which means, that a very large nonuser-market would be developed. A number of investors would raise capital and cheap manpower which would result in a gain of economic productivity and prevent the migration of Turkish workers.In addition Turkey is a very important connection between the Caspian and Middle easter n energy sources and Europe. Several pipelines offer the EX. alternative energy routes, what will decrease the dependence from Russia. Nevertheless several articles have shown it is very unpredictable if the EX. would gain profit of a Turkey admission. Another interesting point with regards to the Turkish admission is the fear of the efferent religious settings ruling in Turkey, which causes different reactions in the ELI. 99% of the Turkish population is Muslim. 15 million Muslims are already living in the ELI. Millions of them live in Germany. Turkey would be the first Muslim-majority country to Join the European Union, although Albania, Bosnia and Herringbone and Spooks are also Muslim-majority, and have been recognized as potential candidate countries. Supporters of Turkey see the possible development of a European-Turkish- Islamic culture as a chance to split off Islam as a religious conviction from a political nomination system. They also argument, that we now have the unique chance to unite these cultures which is also a chance to show the people, that the impossible is possible.I don ‘t think that the Turkish membership is really necessary to demonstrate multiculturalism to the inside and cooperation willingness to countries of other cultural circles to the outside. Opponents of a Turkish accession argue that Turkey is in the Arabian world not as popular as one suspects, because the Arabs see Turkey still as colonial power. So Turkey is no bridge between the east and the west. In the EX. is the principle of free movement of goods and free movement of persons, which would also be applied on Turkey as an EX. member.This causes another fear in certain European countries. As I already mentioned 15 million Muslims are living in the ELI, from which the majority was not able to integrate very well. As a consequence important point for EX. citizens is also, that Turkey doses ‘t belong to Europe. With regards to Istanbul there is only a very small p art of turkey that belongs to Europe. The big cultural difference is a result of the fact that Turkey has never noticed the Jewish-Christian ethics, the renaissance or the Enlightenment, as a European never noticed the culture of harems.If the EX. accepts non-European countries it would also have to take in consideration the accession of other countries like Israel, Ukraine, Russia and White Russia. As a consequence of this it would be much more difficult to create a European identity, which is even in the actual situation a big problem. â€Å"l think that Turkey should be allowed into the EX. because of its long-standing historical goal of being integrated with the modern word as well as her historical ties with European countries.

Grad. Student Essay

Grad. Student Essay Grad. Student Essay Tracey Renee Paxton 3700Kingwood Drive #2523 Kingwood, TX 77339 713-530-9807 TrPaxton81@gmail.com Objective * Seeking to obtain an opportunity where I utilized my earned degree; while looking for a challenging position in the field of human service where I can maximize my skills in an effort to help others help themselves; thus give back to the community. * Areas of Strengths Skills * Communication: Oral Written Case Management * Customer Service Proficient with Internet Explorer, Excel and Microsoft Word Mentoring Currently studying Spanish to become bilingual * Team Building Education Sam Houston State University – Huntsville, TX Bachelor of Arts in Criminal Justice - May 12, 2007 Employment History Logan’s Roadhouse February 2012 – Present * Provides customer service as server/waitress * Knowledgeable of menu and food items which enables suggestive selling and up selling * Operations of closing of business Victoria’s Secret, Sales Associate-Cashier November 2010-February 2012 * Assisted with customer relations and excellent customer service * Awareness and knowledgeable about products, new items, sales and promotions * Promoted new products by using suggestive and persuasive selling techniques National HME, Customer Representative June 2009- November 2010 * Responsible for placing and receiving orders for medical equipment for patients and hospices * Responsible for providing excelling customer service via telephone correspondence, filing, weekly timesheets and any other duties as assigned Sheldon ISD, Substitute Teacher October 2007-June 2009 * Responsible for carrying out the teacher’s duties in her absence and or providing assistance to teacher as needed * Assisted students with assignments and behavior

About the International Trade Policy of China

In the face of the trade protectionism attack countries for Chinese enterprises, China must develop a correct and effective international trade policy, in order to maintain the placement of Chinese enterprises, industries, economy. Keywords: China; international trade; policy 1. 0 China faces the competitive environment of international trade 1. 1 International market and its institutional environment is quite grim. With Chinas accession to the WTFO, China will be faced with the challenge of all- round, mufti-level, the first is the establishment of an open economy.Unlike Saiss Four Little Dragons can not be a one-way directly to the international market forward, can only enter the gradual opening up of the domestic market, while the broad international market. The same time, China had fully accepted the WTFO and developed a series of international trade regimes, guidelines, although these systems, not entirely reasonable guidelines for developing countries like China. 1. 2 Trade protectionism is showing a new form. Todays international economy, while continuously advancing wave of trade liberalizing, trade protectionism emerged in various new face.Between the start of the competition between the countries with the enterprise, competition between industries combined, so that the pattern of international competition becomes intensified. Emerging trade protectionism s often the name of the protection of the living environment and human health, protect the global common interests banner, take advantage of the economic gap between the developing countries with the developed countries on the development of China plus a disguised form of trade protection policy.For these new protection policy, which most applicable is technical barriers and gree n barriers green barriers in developed countries the heavy impact of Chinas merchandise exports largely affect Chinas domestic export enterprises, the impact no less than the impact of the anti-dumping cases. 1. 3 The trend Of the new economy presents new opportunities and challenges. The development of information technology so that the world economy showing a new trend, which has brought new opportunities for Chinas economic development, but also brought new challenges.The new opportunities mainly in the developed countries, state- of-the-art technology, equipment flows provide the technology and back-up resources for the establishment of modern enterprise. New economic operation and management mechanisms through the establishment and development of the network industry, established Chinese companies can take advantage of information technology to the development of information- intensive industries, or the development of the information on a capital- intensive products and information a labor intensive type products, in order to develop a new market demands.We can also make use of the mechanism of the international division of labor, the development of new export-oriented industries, participation in international and regional division of labor, and thus the formation of a new economic growth point. But once China did not seize this opportunity, it will make the Chinese economy in a very unfavorable situation in the new international division of labor system. . 4 State intervention with the simultaneous development of a free trade. In the context of economic globalization, trade liberalizing continued rapid development of the world showing the formulation of international trade policy liberalizing trend of development, the adjustable limit free trade policy at this time has become the mainstream.But at the same time, the major countries of the world (especially American and European countries), the government increasingly involved in international trade, either public or secret protectionist trade policies, so as to achieve the purpose of support and protect domestic enterprises . Game of governments around the world in international trade has become an important component part of modern international relations. 1. 5 The competitive structure of the foreign trade enterprises to undergo significant changes. The 21st century, the prevalence Of the trend Of international mergers and acquisitions, the formation of the new oligarchic economy many industries are beginning to not perfectly competitive market, the global strategic vision of the national large-scale enterprise highlights. But now, the relationship of the Chinese enterprises and foreign multinational companies are still in the competition for the operation of the Chinese market stage.Multinationals continue in China large-scale, systematic investment, China has become a part of their global strategic thinking, the domestic market with the international market closely combine to make domestic and international competition and international competition in the domestic synchronous development, thus contributing to Chinas economy more quickly integrated into the development process of economic globalization, Chinas foreign trade enterprises are facing extremely harsh environment of international competition.At the same time, the eco nomic interest in a wide range Of development and policy coordination capacity defeat also intensified competition in international trade between Chinas foreign trade enterprises and regions, domestic enterprises is very difficult to achieve unanimously. Moreover, the Chinese industry merging the ongoing restructuring of the trade structure as well as the diversification of the structure of interest, resulting in the combination between Chinese and foreign enterprises and mutual penetration of mutual control, asked, friend and foe hard to make Chinese and foreign enterprises. . 0 Chinas international trade policy options . 1 Promote the liberalizing of international trade under WTFO regime. The China WTFO members, Chinas trade policy must be based on open WTFO free trade system, must be determined by the WTFO principles, rules promote the liberalizing of international trade. In general, the guidelines developed by the WTFO on trade policies and trade practices, norms advocated trade liberalizing gradually.Their performance in the following aspects: (l) on the basis of the market economy and open trade system. (2) the establishment and maintenance of a fair trade environment. (3) to take a standardized and transparent trade adjustment policies. 4) allows the economy outside the WTFO trade policy rules the event. In actual trade exchanges, transactions and part of trade policy and WTFO principle conflict contrary happens is also inclusive.These policies: the international balance of payments, imports damage defense measures, regional economic integration, infant industry protection, and developing countries policies. Under the rules of the WTFO trade policy, Chinas trade policy choices embodied in promoting the liberalizing of international trade trends and the use of WTFO protection measures on the domestic market, industry, enterprise, appropriate the necessary protection. . Based on the development status of the countrys trade legal system to develop according to their own interests. The economic strength of the different countries is very different, and thus taken on his trade policy is not the same. Either in the past or in the WTFO framework, the nature of international trade policy are protective, and more systematic protection under the WTFO framework, offensive, legitimacy, and diff icult to deal with. After Chinas accession to the WTFO, must develop a set of beneficial trade legal system in line with Chinas national conditions of Chinas interests, to protect their own markets and businesses; Second, the mommies industry in the interests of the industry after Chinas accession to the WTFO allocation conflict, therefore, must safeguard the interests of various classes and social strata coordinate to promote the stable development of society, must be developed in order to solve this problem, the administrative laws and regulations related measures. 2. To build Chinas non-tariff barriers to protect the system. WTFO advocate trade liberalizing process, the use of non-tariff barriers made many prohibitive provisions. But its mode of thinking with rules and norms to eliminate barriers to trade, but at the same mime it rules, norms allow reasonable protection of trade. These means of protection measures is mainly non;tariff barriers. Such as anti-dumping and quarantine measures, technical standards, environmental standards and so on. Many countries, especially in Western developed countries attach great importance to the application of Nan-tariff measures.Therefore, China should also be within the WTFO framework, the clever use of these international trade protection mesas rest, to build a system of tariffs, non-tariff protection. (1 ) to strengthen the protection of non-tariff barriers. Want protection system of on-tariff barriers, according to international practice and the needs of the development of Chinas economic and trade structure, characteristics, and the introduction of timing, and cooperate with each other as well as transparency, to conduct a comprehensive, in-depth research.In particular, to strengthen the environmental protection measures, the establishment and implementation of the technical standards of safety standards, strictly prevent foreign substandard products contaminated products to enter China in any form. (2) to strengthen the accord nation and cooperation measures f non-tariff barriers and tariff barriers. With the decline in tariff rates, the growing role of non-tariff barriers.

How the images of refugees framed in the media will influence people's Literature review

How the images of refugees framed in the media will influence people's sympathy and per ception on refugees - Literature review Example This essay aims to conduct a study, which explore the relationship between how a person feels refugees and the images of refugees framed in the mass media. In order to examine the research question: what is the influence of images of refugees framed in the mass media images on people’s perception, the essay would expect to organize a group experiment. According to FADIMAN, (2012, p. 54), the human nature dictates that humanity is an intrinsic feature that every human being has. This intrinsic feature is dependent in certain humanitarian standards and in feelings that must be accumulated within the body of a human being. For instance, pain is one of the intrinsic characteristics that depict a human being. Humanity is fearful to pain and suffering. Refugees are people considered to be facing intermediate imbalance in their capability to access the humanitarian requirements and standards for living. This is why in most cases, their mention signifies suffering, death, lack of everything that helps keep life, and total failure in knowledge and understanding of a certain body that resulted in them. Refugee camps are characterized with human suffering captions. People face little chance of survival, yet in most cases, they survive with intriguing human feelings. The media is a channel through which several human intentions are perceived and delivered. For instance, it would take an easy stature for media personnel to convince a group of people offer the sufferings found in the refugee camps. With the intrinsic human nature founded in people, it becomes an easy and even unthinkable task to offer help to people facing such refugee challenges (HOUTMAN- DE SMEDT 2005, p. 56). Challenges are common in every society. Nonetheless, the ones faced by refugees appear to touch the innate feelings of many people in the world. The mass media images exploit on the fact that challenges and sufferings being faced by

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The Women's Social Movement - Research Paper Example For decades, women are relegated to a subordinate position to that of men especially in our patriarchal societies dominated by masculinity. In America national laws, traditions and religious doctrines only acted to sustain the women’s subordinate status and codified women’s lack of legal and political rights. Though the constitution states that men and women are equal since they have inalienable rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness women are often denied the opportunity to enjoy these rights due to their feminine status. This begins with families where men are viewed as the heads of the households and women as helpers or assistants to other institutions of society especially in politics. Even today, women are far from gaining equality with men as they rarely occupy important positions. In the 113th Congress of U.S there are only 20 women in the senate out of 100 senators and in the House of Representatives there are only 79 women out of 435 members (Center for American Women and Politics). It is in light of this oppression that women’s movements became an important of life. This essay will focus on the women’s suffrage movement formed in 1848 and continued up to 1920; how it was formed, its goals, problems and challenges and major achievements over the period as well as the key figures in the movement. The women’s suffrage movement was formed in the late nineteenth century and continued up to early twentieth century. It was founded in 1848 during the Seneca Falls Convention by women who were fed up with being treated as inferior members of society although some men who sympathized with the women’ s plight were also present. Just like it is stipulated by Staggenborg that social movements undergo a natural cycle of maintenance, growth, and decline, the suffragist movement was no exception (10). The period before the American Civil War was that of growth. However,

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Discussion Questions - Essay Example According to Maslow, â€Å"each level of need must be satisfied before an individual is ready to strive for satisfaction of the next higher level of need.†(Milliken, 1998) The drive for achievement has often overridden the drive for basic needs. Sometimes in a neglectful manner, as with Picasso’s need to create making him forget all other needs, or sometimes it is done with purpose in order to achieve a goal that satisfies one of the other needs. The artistic mind will focus so intently on its creation that all other needs are forgotten in the pursuit of the expression that is hoped to be expressed. The question then becomes, is the focus of the artist able to classify him or her as mentally healthy, or by virtue of the all consuming focus is mental illness present? Achievement does not always indicate good mental health. With the presumption that Maslow’s hierarchy is an example of a healthy mind, then ignoring basic physical and social needs that should come before the priority of creativity would indicate mental disability. However, not only an artist might forget to eat or sleep. Many professions might preclude the needs of the body for the need to accomplish a goal. A scientist on the verge of discovery could easily forget to eat or sleep while focusing on that goal. Any goal that has priority in the mind of the one who is hoping to achieve that goal might interfere with the basic needs. To ignore the D-needs, or deficiency needs in favor of the needs at the self-actualization level is a situation that comes from a the concept of drive. That drive that compels those of great talent or intellect to pursue the focus of that gift is not included in the conceptual idea of Maslow’s theory. The concept of higher purpose is also not taken into consideration in Maslow’s theory. Sacrifice for a greater need often will be taken by an individual who believes that the purpose of their actions out way the

Socio-Cultural Factors in Banking Adverts

Socio-Cultural Factors in Banking Adverts This paper formulates a foundation using various variables to gauge advertising in ethical respect. It describes ethics as a way of formulating a certain behavior accentuating fairness in all deals regarding personal and external environments. The argument that has been raised in this research was whether ethical advertising is followed by Consumer banking institutes while advertising credit cards or not. Its effects on the consumer perception and the limitations under which the consumer perceives them are shown light upon. In the theoretical framework the factors that might influence ethical advertising are stated namely legal, social, environmental, personal/individual, situational, social, economic and consumer trend. The research was conducted in 5 banks in Lahore, through survey method. Questionnaires were floated amongst a sample size of 30 professionals related to the field of advertising in each banking institute. Once the date was collected and referred through facts from th e conducted interviews it was found out that all the above mentioned independent variable indeed did affect the dependant variable of ethical advertising. Introduction to Advertising The two basic functions of advertising are to inform and to persuade. It can be defined as a form of communication used to influence a certain target audience to purchase products, services or ideas. Advertising has diversified to being personal as well as a non personal way of approaching an audience. It has evolved into various types covering indoor and outdoor advertising. The major ways of deliverance are newspapers, magazines, television, radio, billboards or direct mail (internet). Advertising is no longer restricted to commercials promoting products or services, it has advanced to deliver public service adverting, on behalf of various institutions, programs and causes and also political advertising in the interests of parties and candidates. Advertising is a complex process which differs for various audiences from form to form conveying information to keep them indulged. However cultures and standards of living differ from person to person or country to country and so does advertising. This holds true as far as ethical aspect is concerned too, something that maybe considered ethical in one community might not be the same for another, for example advertising alcohol. Background The advertising business first discussed the need for a professional code of ethics in the years from 1900 to 1917, often called the Progressive Era. During that period individual practitioners in the Midwest formed the first national advertising organization, the Associated Advertising Clubs of America, for the explicit purpose of making the business a profession. What is the difference between unethical and ethical advertising? Unethical advertising uses falsehood to deceive the public, while ethical advertising us truth to deceive the public. Vilhjalmur Stefansson, anthropologist (1870-1962). Ethical advertising is such a vast terminology that it cannot be defined in a definite statement. One of the key issues here is that ethical is a subjective term- what is ethical to one person may not be to another. Moreover the concept of what is ethical is not fixed- for example it used to be thought ethical to advertise cigarettes but not condoms, however these days the position has completely reversed. In actuality ethical is not an absolute term and the word ethics, strictly speaking merely means the moral code by which someone decides right from wrong and is therefore highly personal. The term ethical has acquired a specific meaning over the recent past. When the word ethical is used it usually means an activity that does no harm. For example the term ethical advertising implies that money will not be invested in those advertisements that cause harm to people, animals or the environment. In this sense ethics really come down to respect for the world and the consequences of ones actions. Every advertisement should be prepared with a due sense of social responsibility and should conform to the principles of fair competition, as generally accepted in business. All the advertising should be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Decency Advertisements should not contain statements or visual presentations which offend prevailing standards of decency. Honesty Advertising should be framed such that it does not abuse the trust of consumers or exploit their lack of experience or knowledge. Social Responsibility Advertisements should not condone any form of discrimination, including that based upon race, national origin, religion, sex or age nor should they undermine human dignity. Advertisements should not appear to disregard or incite violence or unlawful behavior. Truthful presentation Advertisements should not contain any statement or visual presentation which directly or by implication, omission, ambiguity or exaggerated claim is likely to mislead the consumer in particular with regard to: The value of the product and the total price actually to be paid Delivery, exchange, return, repair and maintenance Terms or guarantee Copyright and industrial property right Social aspects of advertising Advertising as a part of the firms marketing efforts operates in the society for which it should follow social norms. Key areas of debate regarding society and advertising are: Deception Manipulation Taste Deception: it refers not only to the information content in advertising but may also arise from misplaced emphasis in presentations. Advertising as a whole must not create any sort of misleading impression although every statement, separately considered may be literally truthful. Manipulation: the freedom of choice for consumers is restricted by the power of advertising since doing so can manipulate buyers into making against their will or interest. Manipulations are usually done through emotional appeal. Taste: sometimes ads are offensive, tasteless, irritating, boring and so on. Deceptive Advertising Key area of debate regarding ethics and advertising is the truth in the advertising which involves deception and puffery (commercial exaggeration). Deception: deception exists when an advertisement differs from the reality of the situation and it affects the buying behavior of the consumer Puffery: this takes two general forms the first is the advertisement of opinion about a services quality using terms such as best or greatest. The second form of puffery is an exaggeration extended to a point of outright spoof that is entirely not true. In these case words such as perfect and amazing are regarded as mere puffing. For example the consumer banks advertising credit cards, now these adverts show the attributes that would get the audience to buy it. However certain details like the fact that credit will be putting consumers in heavy debts is held off from the consumer Significance of the Study The significance of our study is to determine the widespread issues regarding ethical advertising in consumer banking relating to credit cards adverts. There are certain ethical codes in our society and this study will help gauge if the banks follow on those codes. The dependent and independent variables defined in this study help establish a relationship between such advertising and the environment in general. It goes on to explain the ethical norms and the degree to which consumers rely on these norms to make their purchasing decisions regarding a commodity or service. Study Objectives Distinctively, our study objective is to identify and develop certain questions and then to find the answers to justify those questions. To study whether ethical codes being followed in general? To study whether consumer banking sector is following the ethical codes. To determine the independent variables of ethical advertising and its effects on morality. To determine whether these variables are interlinked and their combined effect on the organizations environment. How much are consumers relying on ethical norms or perceived consequences in forming a specific ethical judgment about their buying behavior? Theoretical framework ENVIORNMENTAL FACTORS SOCIAL FACTORS LEGAL FACTORS ETHICAL ADVERTISING PROFESSIONAL FACTORS CONSUMER DEMAND ECONOMIC FACTORS PERSONAL AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS Variables affecting Ethical Advertising Social factors Environmental factors Professional Environment Situational Environment Legal Environment Personal and Individual Factors Consumer Trends Economic factors Dependent Variable Ethical advertising Independent Variables Social factors Social factors are associated to the values and the beliefs about how a society operates. Regarding the organizational environment, it signals to the characteristics of work in that organization. These characteristics tell us how the employees perform a certain given set of tasks and what factors do they keep in mind while perceiving ethic. This in turn affects the organizational environment that determines what is considered ethical or unethical in performing organizational assignments. Environmental factors Environmental factors include the values and behavior determined by the cultural environment of an institution originating from the moral intentions of the policy makers. Moral intention is the probability of an organization to engage in a certain behavior which tells us about the moral values which determine the basic convictions that underline the conduct and dealing of that organization. Professional factors This deals with the top management policies, the codes of conduct followed by the society in general, the corporate organization in particular. Its the moral reasoning through which they determine whats right and whats wrong. Basically outlining the organizational regulations that determine what is to be regarded as ethical and what not. Situational factors They deal with stages of development of moral values and determinants of moral attitudes. Moral values are the convictions underlying decision making process regarding ethics. Moral attitudes are the result of an evaluation of moral behavior while moral behavior is denoted by action taken. After moral attitudes, moral reasoning results in moral judgments which are decisions regarding whether a certain alternative is morally good or bad. Legal factors Legal factors are of great importance since these are the first barrier that advertising needs to cross in terms to reach its target audience. Legal clearance in other words ensures that the advert is based on principles of ethical conduct and highlights rules and regulations regarding ethical decision making. Personal and individual factors Individual factors are the individual attributes which include personal goals, the motivation, experiences, personality, and demographics. While personal factors are influenced by the company we keep and the social class that we associate with. These factors are linked together via moral perception, knowledge and moral evaluation. Moral perception is when ethical problems are perceived and the amount of knowledge people hold regarding their moral standards. Specific knowledge about these standards then lead to moral evaluation which is the final decision making determining ethical or unethical conduct Consumer Demand (trend) The trend in what the consumer wants and if the offered product is catering to those changing trends, affects the sales of the product immensely. Without d demand, any product, however much advertised will not be able to attract the target market. Economic factors These include the trends in inflation or economic stability and growth that in return affect the buying power and patterns of the consumers. These are the major determinants of demand for a certain product. Research Hypotheses On the basis of theoretical framework the following hypotheses are formulated: H0 : The social factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1 : The social factors will significantly affect ethical advertising H0 : The environmental factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1 : The environmental factors will significantly affect ethical advertising H0 : The professional environment will not significantly affect ethics in advertising H1 : The professional environment will significantly affect ethics in advertising H0 : The situational factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1 : The situational factors will significantly affect ethical advertising H0 : The legal environment will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1 : The legal environment will significantly affect ethical advertising H0 : The personal and individual factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1 : The personal and individual factors will significantly affect ethical advertising H0 : The consumer trends will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1 : The consumer trends will significantly affect ethical advertising H0 : The economic factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1 : The economic factors will significantly affect ethical advertising LITERATURE REVIEW JudithÂÂ  W.ÂÂ  Spain, in Ethics and Geography -Impact of Geographical Cultural Differences on Students Ethical Decisions, conducts an exploratory survey to determine if there are differences in ethical decisions by business students based upon cultural backgrounds. Students responses to a vignette concerning advertising of cigar products in a variety of different media provided evidence of significant cultural differences between three groups of students from different geographical locations within the United States. This article suggests that the presumption that an individuals ethical beliefs and behaviors do not change after childhood may be in error. In Ethical Dimensions of Advertising Executions, Nebenzuhl and D.Jaffe determined the ethicality of disguised advertising presented to consumers under the assumption that itll gain potential benefits for the organization. For evidential proof a consumer survey was conducted in which exposure to the object message is followed by unaided recall and recognition tests. The results, however, unearthed the fact that conspicuous approach to advertising is not only unethical but also the gains to the sponsors of such advertising could not outweigh the losses to independence and privacy of the large number of consumers exposed. ScottÂÂ  J.ÂÂ  Vitell, in his paper, The effects of culture on ethical decision-making: An application of Hofstedes typology addresses a significant gap in the conceptualization of business ethics within different cultural influences. Though theoretical models of business ethics have recognized the importance of culture in ethical decision-making, few have examined how this influences ethical decision-making. Therefore, this paper develops propositions concerning the influence of various cultural dimensions on ethical decision-making using Hofstedes typology. Over the last decade, the topic of social responsibility and ethics in business has been made the focus of just a few studies, even though existing theoretical models recognize the importance of this factor. Great emphasis is laid on the importance of the role of culture in ethics decision-making identifying cultural factors such as values and customs, religion, law, respect for individuality, national identity and loy alty (or patriotism), and rights of property as influencing ethics. Kennedy and Lawton (1993) in the article Ethics and Services marketing states that marketing lacks an important component for ethical decision making while identifying the conceptual marketing approaches to the field of marketing ethics. This field consists of component such as the inter-organizational variables including professional environment, individual attributes and legal environment. Furthermore, while defining ethical behavior in a broader term a behavioral model of ethical and unethical decision making related to organizations has been presented. It links the inter-organizational relationships and ethics in terms of power, dependence and uncertainty and what effects these inter-organizational factors have on ethics. Ethical advertising: How ethical business is good business practice by Mike Catherall stresses on how any businesses should be accountable, transparent and responsible to their clients, suppliers and employees alike to characterize it as good business practice. He moves on further describing how a business must be true to its word since this acts as the hallmark for good business practice, and consequently ethical business. The article analyzes that in recent years, social-consciousness has become a buzzword, and ethical business practices more lip service than a philosophy. Legislations, regulations and self regulations was information that I came across on the website of Pakistan Advertising association which helped me gauge a few aspects to what really accounts as code of ethics here in Pakistan. The article states that although there is not any one specific law or piece of legislation that encompasses all aspects of advertising, there are codified pieces of legislation and frame wares. These include the Pakistan Advertising Associations (PAA) code of ethics. The article goes on to say that the advertising codes, although generate broad and comprehensive in nature; have suffered from a lack of effective implementation and a new specific focus. The majority of codes with respect to content are based on widely accepted concepts of social and moral decency. The occasionally vague and non specific nature of the regulations has often led to problems, where specific parties or social groupings take it upon themselves to exclude what is moral and what is not . Likewise Wenling Chen and Mei-Chyi Lui (1998) in the article Agency Practitioners Perceptions of Professional Ethics in Taiwan conducted a survey on the advertising practitioners in Taiwan concerning their experiences of ethical challenges at work. The study made use of a semi structured questionnaire which combined both quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect relevant information attempting for satisfying interpretations from the collected data. Among 120 respondents, 67.5 percent admitted that ethical problem was a commonplace at work. According to these respondents, the most frequently mentioned ethical problems area representing unethical products or services, the message of advertisements, agency-client relationship, the creditability of research, under table rebate, and the quality of service. Due to its preliminary nature, the present study should be considered exploratory and descriptive rather than conclusive, with the hope to inspire more research on advertising ethics in Taiwan as well as in other countries in the world. Candy A. Bianco and Susan M. Bosco in their article Ethical issues in credit card solicitation of college students, states how credit card companies aggressively solicit college students, without regard for the consequences of high credit card debt for these customers. The ethical conflict of the sale of easy credit to college students too often results in hazardous outcomes. This paper will investigate the dangers that credit card use presents to the young customer, the unethical manner in which the companies that issue these cards promote their products to this audience, and the role of institutions of higher education. A majority of students are not only using credit unwisely (average balances of over $1000 regardless of who reports the data) but are paying overpriced interest (18%-22%). The credit card companies call this responsible use. They are collecting enough interest and fees to more than cover losses resulting from bankruptcy. They use a variety of marketing techniques to lure college students glitzy MTV type shows, free prizes and gifts, special interest rate offers, and now they can pretend through Educational services to explain to college students why credit cards are important. This Paper investigates current solicitation policies of colleges and universities are also. Bank Credit Cards: Not-Illegal Does Not Equal Ethical by Charles H. Green strongly criticizes banks for deceiving the consumers where credit offerings through credit cards is concerned. The article talks about how for organizational profits the banks not only use unethical advertising as a tool but also neglect the distinction between illegal and unethical. The article goes on to say that most people can intuitively understand the difference between ethical and legal, and between unethical and illegal. Most of us want to live in a society where laws are ultimately derived from a sense of ethics-not the other way around. Just because something is not illegal hardly implies it is ethical. The article Opportunities vs. ethics by White, Phillip D points out how, in the area of fee income, bank marketing officers are being increasingly called upon to do two things the first being to assist the bank in identifying more fee income opportunities while the second states how to help the bank optimize or maximize fee income performance through the refinement of existing pricing strategies. The purpose of this article is to briefly review how bankers involved in marketing analysis and decision making should be aware of arguments and developments regarding potential ethical issues. Ethical standards in advertising: a worldwide perspective by Maria Cecilia talks about a study that was conducted that indicates how close advertisers from all the continents have been from the natural law and other fundamental moral principles. The ethical problems have not been equated with objectivity and the realist approach is appointed as a solution. The paper moves on explaining how there have been comments about the difficult practicability of ethically behaving in the advertising world due to problems faced by private companies, marketing research and advertising agencies, media and government. In many western countries, conflicts between ethical/moral and social/economic values can be observed. Many professionals see themselves disoriented concerning the correct attitude to take when facing the dynamic and diversified possibilities of their advertising campaigns. The objective of the paper was to call the attention of academicians and professionals who deal with advertising and to their responsibility toward the market. The intention is to encourage them to consider the values implicit in the campaigns they develop, guiding them toward the common good, helping them to find a wise and sensible way of acting rather than acquiring ways that misguide and mislead their consumers. Laczniak and Inderrieden (1987) in the article The Influence of stated organizational concern upon ethical decision making did the experimental study and evaluated the influence of stated organizational concern for ethical conduct upon employee behavior at managerial levels. A sample was tested on scenarios suggesting illegal conduct and others suggesting only unethical behavior. Only in the case of suggested illegal behavior tempered by high organizational concern were managers influenced by organizational policy to modify the morality of their actions. However the responses to the illegal scenarios were significantly more ethical than the reactions given to the unethical (but not illegal) situations. This particular study adopts an in-basket framework in order to investigate the influence of various levels of organizational sanctions upon ethical decision making. Methodology The methodology I will implement has two aspects and is going to be based on survey strategy: Questionnaires will cover the general trends in responses from the bankers also keeping in mind to structure them to be able to gauge some consumer trends. Interviews, of the bankers, will further help evaluate results gathered from the questionnaires The sample for this research will be the banks that offer consumer banking I will attempt to cover as many banks as I can since credit card issuance is foreign to none keeping in mind the growing trend. The sampling frame would be all the banks in Lahore City. The sample size would be 30 people from consumer banking sector involved in advertising credit card facility. The Research Study would start off from the questionnaire and thereafter statistical measures will be applied on the results to obtain analysis by using computer software SPSS. Analysis Q1. Do you think that the ethical codes of advertising are being followed? Q2. Do you think that the government is concerned with the censorship of advertisement through different mediums? HYPOTHSIS: H0- The legal factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1- The legal factors will significantly affect ethical advertising Analysis We know from the data analyzed using SPSS that our degree of freedom is 28 and I have supposed the confidence interval 95% (0.95), hence using the T-Table and determining the T-critical value against Degree of Freedom 28 and Confidence Interval of 95% (0.95), the value comes out to be 2.048, which is less than the T-stat of 4. 436. Since this proves my T-stat to be greater than my T-critical, the H0- The legal factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising is rejected. Q3. Has your business increased over the recent years in credit card financing? HYPOTHSIS H0- The consumer demand trends will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1- The consumer demand trends will significantly affect ethical advertising Analysis We know from the data analyzed using SPSS that our degree of freedom is 28 and I have supposed the confidence interval 95% (0.95), hence using the T-Table and determining the T-critical value against Degree of Freedom 28 and Confidence Interval of 95% (0.95), the value comes out to be 2.048, which is less than the T-stat of 4.254. Since this proves my T-stat to be greater than my T-critical, the H0- The consumer demand trends will not significantly affect ethical advertising, is rejected. Q4. Do you think that the rules and regulations of the bank affect moral reasoning determining the ethical behavior of advertising? HYPOTHSIS H0- The professional factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1- The professional factors will significantly affect ethical advertising Analysis We know from the data analyzed using SPSS that our degree of freedom is 28 and I have supposed the confidence interval 95% (0.95), hence using the T-Table and determining the T-critical value against Degree of Freedom 28 and Confidence Interval of 95% (0.95), the value comes out to be 2.048, which is less than the T-stat of 5.737. Since this proves my T-stat to be greater than my T-critical, the H0- The professional factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising, is rejected. Q.5 The culture of a bank determines the behavior of employees regarding corporate social responsibility. HYPOTHSIS H0- The environmental factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1- The environmental factors will significantly affect ethical advertising Analysis We know from the data analyzed using SPSS that our degree of freedom is 28 and I have supposed the confidence interval 95% (0.95), hence using the T-Table and determining the T-critical value against Degree of Freedom 28 and Confidence Interval of 95% (0.95), the value comes out to be 2.048, which is less than the T-stat of 6.343. Since this proves my T-stat to be greater than my T-critical, the H0- The environmental factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising, is rejected. Q.6 Do you think economic factors are a major determinant for the demand of your product (credit cards)? HYPOTHSIS H0- The economic factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1- The economic factors will significantly affect ethical advertising Analysis We know from the data analyzed using SPSS that our degree of freedom is 28 and I have supposed the confidence interval 95% (0.95), hence using the T-Table and determining the T-critical value against Degree of Freedom 28 and Confidence Interval of 95% (0.95), the value comes out to be 2.048, which is less than the T-stat of 5.125. Since this proves my T-stat to be greater than my T-critical, the H0- The economic factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising, is rejected. Q.7 Corporate social responsibility is an important factor in ethical advertising HYPOTHSIS H0- The social factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1- The social factors will significantly affect ethical advertising Analysis We know from the data analyzed using SPSS that our degree of freedom is 28 and I have supposed the confidence interval 95% (0.95), hence using the T-Table and determining the T-critical value against Degree of Freedom 28 and Confidence Interval of 95% (0.95), the value comes out to be 2.048, which is less than the T-stat of 4.938. Since this proves my T-stat to be greater than my T-critical, the H0- social factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising, is rejected. Q.8 Do individual attributes such as personal goals, life experiences and education determine the perception of the consumer regarding advertising? HYPOTHSIS H0- The personal and individual factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1- The personal and individual factors will significantly affect ethical advertising Analysis We know from the data analyzed using SPSS that our degree of freedom is 28 and I have supposed the confidence interval 95% (0.95), hence using the T-Table and determining the T-critical value against Degree of Freedom 28 and Confidence Interval of 95% (0.95), the value comes out to be 2.048, which is less than the T-stat of 7.408. Since this proves my T-stat to be greater than my T-critical, the H0- personal and individual factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising, is rejected. Q.9 Does your bank tends to suppress pertinent information about your services from consumers? HYPOTHSIS H0- The situational factors will not significantly affect ethical advertising H1- The situational and individual factors will significantly affect ethical advertising Analysis We know from the data analyzed using SPSS that our degree of freedom is 28 and I have supposed the confidence interval 95% (0.95), hence using the T-Table and determining the T-critical value against Degree of Freedom 28 and Confidence Interval of 95% (0.95), the value comes out to be 2.048, which is less than the T-stat of 8.773. Since